Knee Ligament and ACL Injuries
How are knee ligaments injured?
There are four major ligaments in the knee. Knee ligaments connect the thigh bone to the shin bone and include:
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL): The ACL is located toward the front of the knee and is the most common ligament to be injured. The ACL is often stretched or torn during a sudden twisting motion (when the feet stay planted one way, but the knees turn the other way). Skiing, basketball, soccer and football are sports that have a higher risk of ACL injuries.
- Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL): The PCL is located toward the back of the knee. It is also a common knee ligament to be injured. However, the PCL injury usually occurs with sudden, direct impact, such as in a car accident or during a football tackle.
- Medial collateral ligament (MCL): The MCL is located on the inner side of the knee. Stretch and tear injuries to these ligaments are usually caused by a blow to the outer side of the knee, such as when playing hockey or football.
- Lateral collateral ligament (LCL): This ligament gives stability to the outer knee and is injured less often than the MCL.
How are torn knee ligaments treated?
If a knee ligament is injured, early medical treatment may include:
- Rest
- Applying an ice pack (to reduce swelling within hours of the injury)
- Compression, using an elastic bandage or brace
- Elevation
- Pain relievers
If a knee ligament is torn, additional treatment might include:
- Muscle-strengthening exercises
- A protective knee brace (for use during exercise)
- Activity limitations
Can ligaments be repaired?
When the knee ligament tear is severe, the knee may become unstable. A person may not be able to twist or turn the knee, and the knee may buckle or give way. Knee ligament reconstruction or repair surgery may be necessary specialist today.
ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL Knee Ligament Repair and Reconstruction Surgery at CHOC
At CHOC, we focus on creating a comforting, healing environment where kids and families can feel at ease. Our spaces are designed to combine advanced medical care with the familiar comforts of home, helping make each stay less stressful.
Our child life specialists, who work closely with orthopedic patients, are here to support your child every step of the way—before, during and after knee ligament repair or reconstruction surgery. Learn more about what to expect throughout treatment.
Knee Ligament and ACL Injuries FAQs
What are the common causes of torn ligaments in the knee?
Common causes of a torn ligament in the knee include non-contact sports activities such as running, jumping, cutting, and pivoting.
What is the difference between a sprained ACL and a torn ACL?
Sprains typically comes in three grades. Grade I would be a minor tear, Grade II would be a medium tear where only some of the tissue is in continuity, and a Grade III sprain would be a “complete tear” with the ligaments in half.
Can a torn ACL heal on its own without surgery?
In some cases, a torn ACL can heal on its own. However, it is always advised to seek an evaluation first from an orthopedic doctor, or surgeon. If an athlete continues to notice symptoms such as giving way, instability, swelling, or hearing a “popping” sound, this most commonly indicates there is something more going on.
When can my child return to sports?
The time it takes to return to sports and other activities depends on the severity of the injury and the recommended treatment plan. At the CHOC Orthopedic Institute, part of Rady Children’s Health, our goal is always to get kids back in action with the least disruption possible.